Improved MRI methods are needed to diagnose nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause of liver disease in the Western world. Promising studies have demonstrated the utility of Tl...
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To identify skeletal diseases a patient may be imaged using PET, CT or other methods that detect abnormal image intensity and hence the presence of disease. To identify metastasized cancer lesions, a ...
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In modern computed tomography (CT) imaging, a number of non-ideal physical conditions may cause artifacts in the reconstructed images. Mitigation or elimination of image artifacts has been a time- and...
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Routinely, data acquired with medical imaging systems are not consistent with a single true image of the subject. Data inconsistencies arise from various causes (beam-hardening effects, subject motion...
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Advance warning of some of the main causes of maternal and/or neonatal problems can prevent death and long term health complications. These causes include bleeding (e.g., from placenta previa over the...
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Computed tomography (CT) provides rapid, noninvasive imaging at high resolution. Conventional CT systems include a gantry, one or two X-ray tubes and a detector assembly that rotate together around a ...
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In MRI, gradient distortions can cause image artifacts such as blurriness, ringing and phase error. Certain MRI techniques are more prone to the problem. In particular, gradient distortion is perhaps ...
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic imaging technique that is especially effective for soft tissues such as the brain and other organs. To produce an MR image, the patient is subjected to...
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Among numerous magnetic resonance imaging contrast mechanisms, the insights that diffusion-weighted MRI provides into microstructural tissue changes make it an excellent biomarker for detection and ev...
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Accurate fat-water separation is critical in diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Typically the separation is performed using specialized methods such as iterative decomposition with echo asy...
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Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a less invasive treatment option for patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. The procedure involves precise positioning of a balloon-mounted prosth...
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Currently, there are no long-lived CT or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging agents that successfully target tumor cells in vivo. While a variety of radiopharmaceuticals are available, these are limited b...
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In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tissue is scanned using magnetic fields that excite atoms and cause them to emit signals. These nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals can be processed into an i...
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Nuclear imaging systems (e.g., SPECT, PET) commonly use imaging phantoms for quality assurance. One such phantom, called a Derenzo style phantom, is used in clinical and research applications to test...
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Many invasive procedures, such as neurosurgeries or breast biopsies, involve inserting a rigid device into the body. To minimize human error, technologies like MRI allow the surgeon to guide the preci...
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The ability to quantify fat concentration in the body has become increasingly important given the rise in obesity and related comorbidities. Likewise, the ability to quantify iron concentration is imp...
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Fluorescent proteins can be found today in most molecular biology laboratories. Since the discovery of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in the early 1960s, fluorescent molecules have revolutionized man...
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sensitive to patient movements due to the long scan times sometimes required. A major source of motion is breathing, which causes artifacts to appear in MR images. ...
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) have become invaluable tools for learning about a patient’s health. However, systems are limited by acquisition speed, which often leads...
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A primary goal of angiography since inception has been to provide diagnostic images of the vasculature while reducing invasiveness. A method called 4-D DSA (digital subtraction angiography) was develo...
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Surgical replacement of joints with mechanical prostheses is on the rise. Unfortunately, complications such as infection and loosening are common and often diagnosed in the late stages, compelling rep...
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Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging is a type of ultrasound elastography with proven diagnostic value. It works by generating a shear wave and detecting differences in attenuation (scatter...
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X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique that generates cross-sectional images of a patient by combining multiple X-ray images taken at a range of angles. A patient may be physically mov...
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Elastography is a type of imaging technique that reveals the stiffness of tissues. It commonly is used to detect tumors and other abnormalities that cause changes in local tissue stiffness. Measuremen...
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high-resolution visualization of soft tissues, allowing diseases to be diagnosed and tracked. In particular, MR images can be used to assess joint degeneratio...
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