The discovery of two-dimensionally confined charge carriers has opened an exciting field of new research and various device applications. In particular, two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is used in ...
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Conventional light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are made of an upper ‘p-type’ layer, a middle ‘intrinsic region’ and a bottom ‘n-type’ layer. Such layered structures are called PIN diodes. Curre...
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“Rectennas” are antennas that can receive radio signals and rectify them to generate electrical power for wireless power transfer. Potential applications for rectennas range from large-sca...
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Recently, interest and research in graphene has grown rapidly due to its outstanding electrical properties. Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon-based material, has high tensile strength, stiffness, opt...
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The unique properties of vanadium dioxide (VO2) lend it to a variety of applications in materials physics and solid-state electronics. Namely it exhibits a sharp metal-insulator transition (MIT) above...
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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are key building blocks for nanoscale technologies given their interesting physical and chemical properties. SWCNTs are especially promising for high speed and ...
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Stretchable electronics have many potential applications such as implantable biosensors, wearable devices and flexible displays. Yet critical components like transistors are still based on silicon. Ef...
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Electronic waste management remains an ongoing challenge both domestically and abroad. Scrap components of electronics such as computers, cellphones and refrigerators contain high amounts of heavy met...
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Diamond is considered a good material candidate for power electronics, offering reliability, low weight and power switching efficiency. Single-crystalline diamond (SCD) has the best overall properties...
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Graphene is atomically thin carbon film with unrivaled high tech potential. One of the strongest and most conductive materials known, it is stronger than diamond but capable of bending like rubber and...
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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have exceptional properties that make them useful in a variety of semiconducting applications such as field effect transistors (FETs), solar cells and gas senso...
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The demand for smaller wireless communication devices that use less power is growing. In particular, radio frequency identification (RFID) systems require small, low-power transmitters to label or &ld...
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Distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) are found in photodetectors, solar cells and other optical sensors. Stacks of DBRs are incorporated in vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), which are a...
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Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) are key building blocks for nanoscale technologies given their interesting physical and chemical properties. They are especially promising for ...
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Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an inorganic semiconductor with applications in large area photovoltaics and transparent electronics. Producing zinc oxide thin films with excellent electronic properties is challe...
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‘Virtual substrates’ comprise an underlying growth substrate and one or more metamorphic buffer layers (MBLs) made of semiconductor alloy. The MBL is graded so that its lattice constant in...
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Semiconductors, which regulate power flow in many modern electronic devices, use interconnects such as bond wires or lead frames to integrate different components: chip, substrate and terminals. Inter...
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Semiconductors are used in the manufacture of many electronic and optoelectronic devices. In particular, compound semiconductors represent a large class of materials with composition ranges that can, ...
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Silicon is a major component in semiconductors due to its good electrical properties, reasonable cost and manufacturability. Zinc oxide is promising as a semiconductive material because it has a large...
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Because today’s transistors transfer millions of electrons at a time, they generate a large amount of heat when packed together on semiconductor chips. As a result, chips can only contain a set ...
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As electronic gadgets continue to get smaller, tiny metal silicide nanowires may one day be used as fundamental building blocks in devices from cell phones to lasers.  Metal silicides already are...
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Significant efforts are currently underway to create ferroelectric memory (FeRAM) devices from the materials Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 and SrBi2Ta2O9. The main disadvantages of these materials are the volatility of...
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Conventional integrated circuits, such as complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits, allow large numbers of transistors to be combined into electronic gates. These gates control the flow...
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