Blue and UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are key to modern, energy-saving lighting and are used in a range of applications including efficient home, farm and building lighting, high-speed networking, ...
Learn More

With the continued development of semiconductor technology, it is now possible to fabricate nano-scale material structures called Quantum Dots (QDs). The properties of QDs have earned them the charac...
Learn More

Most present-day electronics are made with solid-state transistors constructed of semiconducting materials, such as silicon. This solid-state technology largely replaced the prior use of vacuum tubes ...
Learn More

Recently, interest and research in graphene has grown rapidly due to its outstanding electrical properties. Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon-based material, has high tensile strength, stiffness, opt...
Learn More

Most microelectronic devices are fabricated using top-down processes such as photolithography. Current top-down processes face growing limitations as the demand for smaller scale applications increase...
Learn More

Improvements in technologies such as cell phones, laptops and small digital electronics are the result of the increasing capability of electronics and photonics. However, there is a continuing need fo...
Learn More

Block copolymer (BCP) lithography is one of the most powerful technologies of the digital electronics era, allowing millions of nanoscale components to be fabricated on a single chip. BCPs are made o...
Learn More

Photodetectors convert light signals into electrical signals and are indispensible components in most optoelectronic applications. These devices comprise various designs and materials. In recent years...
Learn More

Semiconductor nanowire lasers are promising building blocks in state-of-the-art photonic and optoelectronic devices due to their advantageous properties – including ultracompact size, efficient wave...
Learn More

Electronic waste management remains an ongoing challenge both domestically and abroad. Scrap components of electronics such as computers, cellphones and refrigerators contain high amounts of heavy met...
Learn More

The development of nanoscale components is becoming increasingly important as complex electromechanical, chemical and biological nanodevices are engineered to fulfill specific responsibilities in indu...
Learn More

Flexible electronics such as pliant displays, wearable electronics and new biomedical devices have gained popularity in recent years. Such devices are mounted on a supple plastic support layer and off...
Learn More

Complex integrated circuits must be individually tested during manufacturing. System-on-chip (SoC) circuits combine multiple functional elements on a single substrate. For example, such systems may co...
Learn More

The semiconductor industry constantly is seeking new methods to improve memory speed and efficiency that are compatible with large-scale fabrication processes and environmentally-friendly. Currently,...
Learn More

Plasmas are used routinely to etch and deposit thin films of materials on substrates, such as semiconductors, during the manufacturing of integrated circuits (IC) and microelectromechanical systems (M...
Learn More

Germanium (Ge), a group-IV semiconductor material, is crucial to many established and potential technologies. In optoelectronics, Ge has been used as a photodetector material for on-chip data distribu...
Learn More

Chips made of strained silicon (Si) have higher electron mobility than chips made of unstrained Si, enabling the fabrication of faster semiconductor devices. Current methods of producing strained Si r...
Learn More

Future advances in semiconductor electronics for computers will require three-dimensional (3-D) integrated circuits that are not limited by the physics of thin film processing. In addition, flexible e...
Learn More

Block copolymers (BCPs) self-assemble into well-defined, highly regular and dense nanostructures. Such BCP arrays are useful for fabricating electronic devices like magnetic storage media, quantum dot...
Learn More

Polymer brushes are a broad class of materials made of polymer chains tethered at one end to a substrate. These brushes are able to tune and modify surface properties like bioadhesion and wettability....
Learn More

Fast, flexible electronics operating at radio frequencies (greater than 1 GHz) are attractive because of their versatility, power savings and wide applicability. Uses include wireless and high-speed c...
Learn More

For many applications – from remote sensing to laser displays – it is necessary to convert the frequency of light via nonlinear interaction in semiconductor materials. Waveguide devices accomplish...
Learn More

Promising advances in areas like solar cells and photonic crystals are utilizing optical components with nanoscale dimensions. Unique in their ability to collect and manipulate light, these structures...
Learn More

Semiconductors, which regulate power flow in many modern electronic devices, use interconnects such as bond wires or lead frames to integrate different components: chip, substrate and terminals. Inter...
Learn More

Rapid development of superconducting quantum electronics has motivated a search for quantum-limited amplifiers for the low-noise readout of qubits and linear cavity resonators. Conventional approaches...
Learn More