Liquid crystal materials are promising candidates for many sensing and interfacial applications. Liquid crystals respond to and amplify small changes in temperature, electric or magnetic fields, shear...
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Mass spectrometry (MS) has become the principal tool for routine identification of proteins and their post-translational modifications (PTMs). Quantification of the amounts of proteins and PTMs is req...
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Mass spectrometers are analytic instruments that precisely measure the mass of molecules, and therefore may be used to determine composition and molecule identity based on mass data. Generally, the mo...
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Studying how neurons and other cells work may require stimulating individual or small clusters of cells. The cells conventionally are stimulated through the use of fine electrodes inserted into or nea...
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Studying how neurons and other cells work may require stimulating individual or small clusters of cells.  The cells conventionally are stimulated through the use of fine electrodes inserted into ...
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Several fluorescent reporter molecules, such as the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), are available as research tools to monitor gene activity and protein distribution within cells.  However, curr...
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Botulinum neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum are the most potent toxins known. Because of the threat of bio-terrorism, sensitive methods for detecting botulinum neurotoxin are needed; howev...
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is commonly used to identify and characterize proteins and to sequence DNA. A key step in this process involves creating sample sp...
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Analysis by mass spectrometry requires that molecules first be converted to gas-phase ions. Converting small molecules into ions is straightforward; however, it was not possible to ionize large molecu...
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Most of today’s technologies for detecting DNA hybridization – the binding of a DNA strand to its complementary strand – require the use of fluorescent tags or other types of labels.
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Controlled micrometer-scale oil droplets have applications in nano-materials, meso-materials, responsive materials, optical materials, filters, sensors and opto-electronic technologies.  Emulsion...
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Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are an important area of cancer research.  They could provide clinically relevant information about a patient’s prognosis.  However, these cells are extre...
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Over the last eight years, academic researchers have been developing a new set of spectroscopic techniques that are multidimensional versions of visible and infrared spectroscopies, such as two-dimens...
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Fluorescent molecules are essential tools for many scientific applications, including basic research, drug development, and disease diagnosis.
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Dielectrophoresis is a technique for gathering particles that uses an electric field to induce an electrical polarization in an uncharged object. The electrical polarization then interacts with variat...
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Several fluorescent reporter molecules, such as the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), are available as research tools to monitor gene activity and protein distribution within cells.  However, curr...
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Mass spectroscopy is a widely used technique for detecting and analyzing molecules, including biochemical entities such as amino acids, proteins, short nucleic acids, metabolites and other small molec...
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The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria is an extremely useful tool in biochemistry, molecular biology and diagnostics. This protein has been used to study gene expres...
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Most schemes for detecting toxins or other chemicals are based on complex electronic, photonic and/or electrochemical methods, or on more elegant biomolecular methods, such as ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Imm...
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Sensors currently used for detecting the presence of a given analyte, such as a toxin, in solution or in air require direct contact with a power supply. Distributed sensing systems or “sensor ne...
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Liquid crystals have been widely explored for applications such as display and sensing technologies. Lyotropic liquid crystals, which become more ordered as they become more concentrated within a solv...
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Biomedical imaging allows physicians to detect the onset of disease, injury and other disorders at an early stage, and to monitor their progression.
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