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Metabolomics, or the systematic study of all metabolites in an organism, is one of the fastest growing areas of scientific research. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one tool used to a...
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‘Nanopore sequencing’ allows a single molecule such as DNA to be analyzed without conventional tools like chemical labels or costly optical instruments. In the process, DNA strands and a stream of...
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Humans are diploid organisms whose (non-sex) cells contain two copies of each chromosome – one from each parent. Each of these two copies may be distinguished by genetic variations such as insertion...
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Protein characterization has become an integral part of modern biology, even inspiring a new discipline known as proteomics, or the classification of proteins based on the genome of an organism. ...
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Proteomics is a relatively new discipline that is a large scale study of proteins. It includes systematically identifying the sequence, characterizing the structure and evaluating the function of all ...
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Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is a technique capable of identifying large numbers of proteins in complex biological samples. In the process, peptides are ionized and an initial survey scan (i.e., a...
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‘Nanopore sequencing’ holds the potential for sequencing a single molecule of DNA without the need for conventional tools like chemical labels or costly optical instruments. This promising...
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Mass spectrometry (MS) is a vital tool for identifying and tallying the different proteins, peptides and other molecules in a sample. To determine relative abundance, reagent tags are used to label th...
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Antibodies are used widely in biological and medical research to bind to and help isolate molecules of interest.  However, the reduced stability and production yields of antibody fragments freque...
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As resources shift from genome sequencing to understanding and characterizing expressed genes and protein function, reliable and rapid tools for the analysis of protein composition are increasingly vi...
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Quantitative analysis in chemistry is the determination of the absolute or relative abundance of substances present in a sample. For biological samples, quantitative analysis performed via mass spectr...
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Since the 1980s, DNA typing of biological evidence has played a central role in forensic science.  This technology has helped solve crimes nationwide, and also has helped exonerate wrongly accuse...
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In addition to simple nucleotide polymorphisms, the human genome includes intermediate structural variations, such as amplifications, insertions, deletions, inversions and complex rearrangements. Whil...
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Microbial genome sequencing projects uncover large numbers of new genes. Functional analyses of these genes require targeted modifications of particular DNA sequences in their chromosomal locations us...
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Support vector machines (SVMs) are powerful tools for classifying data that are often used in data mining operations. An SVM classifies data in extremely large data sets by identifying a linear or non...
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Analysis by mass spectrometry requires that molecules first be converted to gas-phase ions. Converting small molecules into ions is straightforward; however, it was not possible to ionize large molecu...
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Microorganisms adapted to grow in exceptionally harsh environments, such as hot springs and arctic soils, are a potentially vast source of novel metabolic processes, antibiotics, enzymes and other pro...
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The study of full-length cDNA clones is important for determining the structure and function of genes.
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Cultured microorganisms produce an extraordinary array of structurally diverse and valuable organic compounds; however, microbes that can be brought into culture by standard techniques represent only ...
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CpG islands are areas of DNA containing a high CpG content, which often correspond to promoter regions.
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Cultured microorganisms produce an extraordinary array of structurally diverse and valuable organic compounds; however, microbes that can be cultured using standard techniques represent only a small f...
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Because they retain large DNA inserts over many generations, bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) are popular vectors for genetic and expression analyses of genomic DNA libraries; however, their us...
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Microorganisms adapted to grow in exceptionally harsh environments, such as hot springs and arctic soils, are a potentially vast source of novel metabolic processes, antibiotics, enzymes and other pro...
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