Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high-resolution visualization of soft tissues, allowing diseases to be diagnosed and tracked. In particular, MR images can be used to assess joint degeneratio...
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In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the main magnetic field is symbolized B0. Accurately estimating a B0 field map is critical to distinguishing different chemical species like water and fat. If the ...
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More than a million joint replacements were performed in the Unites States in 2012 and more than four million implant surgeries are expected in 2030. Such implants pose a challenge to magnetic resonan...
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic imaging technique that is especially effective for soft tissues such as the brain and other organs.  To produce an MR image the patient is subject...
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Computed tomography (CT) is a medical imaging technique that takes many 2-D X-ray images to generate 3-D images. The most common method for reconstructing the final 3-D image is called the filtered b...
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Computed tomography (CT) systems are medical imaging devices that use X-rays to image a patient internally. An X-ray source sends parallel beams through the patient. The X-ray absorption/scattering,...
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that measures a subject’s nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to form images of internal structures. Computed tomography (CT) is ano...
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Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women today with all women having approximately an 11 to12 percent chance of developing this cancer and a 30 to 40 percent chance of death after developme...
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Conventional CT scans utilize a fan-shaped X-ray beam source and a detector array to acquire data for 2-D medical imaging. The source and detector array are situated on opposite sides of the patient ...
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that takes measurements, or “views,” of a subject’s nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to form images of internal struct...
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Computed tomography (CT) systems are used for medical imaging and produce images by measuring the loss in an X-ray beam’s strength. These measurements are used to reconstruct an image in 2-D or...
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Computed tomography (CT) is used as a diagnostic imaging modality to generate three-dimensional images of the inside of an object. When a metallic object, such as a surgical clip, is present in a subj...
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Computed tomography (CT) systems are used for medical imaging and produce images by measuring the loss in an X-ray beam’s strength. These measurements are used to reconstruct an image in 2-D or...
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In recent years, statistical imaging reconstruction has been introduced in clinics by different computed tomography (CT) manufacturers as a means to reduce radiation dose levels. Essentially, the meth...
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Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) was first proposed in the 1970s but has wavered in practical usage ever since. In essence, the process employs two different X-ray spectra (i.e., a high energy lev...
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Phase contrast imaging exploits differences in the refractive index of materials to differentiate and image them. Recently, X-ray phase contrast imaging has attracted a great deal of attention. In the...
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Medical isotopes like molybdenum-99 are used for imaging patients and treating disease. Today, most radioisotopes are produced in nuclear reactors outside of the United States that employ highly enric...
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Ultrasound is a crucial diagnostic tool, capable of imaging body parts like a beating heart and measuring tissue elasticity. Modern systems can produce individual images as well as video. While video ...
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In 2-D medical imaging, a pulse sequence called inversion recovery (IR) can be used to obtain multiple images of an area with varying magnetization contrast. This helps improve diagnostic certainty. D...
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Inversion recovery (IR) techniques commonly are used in MRI either to null signals or increase signal contrast between tissues. In the process, different types of radiofrequency pulses are followed by...
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Elastography is an imaging technique that uses ultrasound to assess tissue stiffness by comparing the displacement of the tissue under deformation.  When tissue is compressed, stiffer tissue will...
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Intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescent markers can help surgeons target and rapidly identify tumorous tissue. The signals given off by these markers are relatively faint and normally viewed with a fluore...
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Although current microscopic optical systems are highly sensitive, they are generally bulky and expensive, and most have a severely limited field of vision. One alternative is adaptive microlenses tha...
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Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technology is used to measure nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) from various substances in human tissue to produce medical images for qualitative and quantitative assess...
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With the advance of photon counting technology, spectral CT (multi-energy CT) has attracted lots of attention. The technique utilizes X-ray spectral information to identify and differentiate materials...
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