The invention provides a vaccine comprising an effective amount of an isolated recombinant influenza virus comprising a mutant M gene segment that is mutated so that upon viral replication the mutant ...
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Modified influenza virus neuraminidases are described herein that improve viral replication, thus improving the yield of vaccine viruses. Expression of such modified neuraminidases by influenza virus ...
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Quil-A chitosan spherical nanostructure complexes as well as methods of making and using such complexes are disclosed herein. Also provided are Quil-A chitosan spherical nanostrucutres loaded with one...
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The disclosure provides for an isolated recombinant influenza virus having at least one of: a PB2 viral segment encoding PB2 with residue at position 540 that is not asparagine or a residue at positio...
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A mammalian or avian cell line that expresses high levels of human influenza virus receptors is provided. In one embodiment, the cell line supports human influenza virus, e.g., human A/H3 influenza vi...
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Methods of preparing influenza viruses having altered immunodominant epitopes in HA, e.g., having one or more residues in one or more of antigenic sites A-E in HA altered, and viral vectors, e.g., inf...
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Modified influenza virus neuraminidases are described herein that improve viral replication, thus improving the yield of vaccine viruses. Expression of such modified neuraminidases by influenza virus...
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Provided herein are engineered non-catalytic, non-toxic tetanus toxin variants and methods of using such engineered tetanus toxin variants as low dose, protective vaccines that are non-toxic and more ...
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An isolated recombinant influenza virus is provided having PA, PB1, PB2, NP, NS, M, NA and HA viral segments, wherein the PB1 viral segment encodes a PB1 with a residue other than isoleucine at positi...
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FDA-qualified cell lines must be used for virus production for human vaccines. There are relatively few of these lines available and several (WI-38, MRC-5) used for virus production are becoming senes...
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The epidemiology of influenza Type B viruses differs from Type A; influenza B viruses primarily circulate in humans and do not cause pandemics. However, in some seasons the impact of influenza B infec...
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The influenza virus is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen that causes annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. Although many studies have looked at how a host responds to infection with the vi...
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Vaccines against influenza and other viruses can be grown in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Problematically, an influenza virus that is made by combining H1N1 and PR8 strains, and that is recommen...
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Influenza infects up to 20 percent of the world’s population every year, causing 500,000 deaths and costing tens of billions of dollars in medical expenses. Influenza A virus, which causes pandemics...
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There are no commercial vaccines against fungi. Infections like aspergillosis and Valley Fever can be life-threatening, particularly in immune-compromised patients. These patients also are more vulner...
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Johne’s disease, or paratuberculosis, is a chronic and usually fatal wasting disease that is found worldwide and impacts more than half of the dairy herds in the U.S. alone. It costs the ruminant in...
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Ebola is the deadliest virus on earth. It has caused death in 90 percent of cases during some outbreaks, afflicting human and great ape populations in tropical Africa. The virus is highly contagious i...
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Influenza viruses instigate annual global epidemics. The first influenza pandemic in 40 years occurred during the 2009-2010 season, when a novel H1N1 strain emerged and spread worldwide. The United St...
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Avian influenza causes significant economic losses for poultry producers worldwide and can be transmitted to humans and other mammals. The surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (N...
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Influenza is caused by the eight-segmented influenza virus. Vaccines can be used to prevent influenza, but traditional methods for producing influenza vaccine are slow and cumbersome. To generate reco...
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The H1N1 influenza virus, known as the “swine flu,” has been declared a pandemic.  While this virus is less virulent than many circulating strains of flu virus, it has become the subject of signi...
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Influenza is a major disease in humans that can be prevented by vaccination. Because new epidemic strains arise every year or two, influenza vaccines must be adapted almost every year.  Live attenuat...
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The extensive use of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors to treat influenza virus infections by reducing viral sialidase activity requires close monitoring for resistant variants. However, cultured cells do...
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Dendritic cells play an important role in the process of initiating immune response. They are present in small quantities in tissues, such as skin and lung, that are in contact with the external envir...
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