Processing techniques similar to those used to manufacture integrated circuits can also be used to make a variety of microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS), including...
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Many applications exist for devices that can deposit tiny volumes of fluids, including flexible electronics and biological microarrays. One of these methods uses quill pins (limited to creating 75-mic...
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Before DNA or proteins can be attached to a surface during the making of microarrays, the surface must be functionalized, i.e., chemically prepared to carry functional groups capable of...
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Silicon-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) work well for optical- and physical-sensing applications, and can be fabricated very precisely by using standard integrated circuit technology. Howe...
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Embedding sensors into a mass of material allows them to assess the material in a way that is not often possible with surface-mounted sensors. In addition, it is frequently necessary to embed sensors ...
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Thermoelectric materials can turn heat into electrical power or remove heat by applying a voltage. They are used in many applications, ranging from a simple, electrically cooled ice chest, to high-tec...
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Sensors currently used for detecting the presence of a given analyte, such as a toxin, in solution or in air require direct contact with a power supply. Distributed sensing systems or “sensor ne...
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Conventional integrated circuits, such as complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits, allow large numbers of transistors to be combined into electronic gates. These gates control the flow...
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Although electrochemically active materials with high density and surface area have many potential uses in electrocatalysts, batteries, fuel cells and sensors, creating these materials can be challeng...
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Micro-end mills are tools with tips just 10 to 500 micrometers in diameter. As part of emerging micro- and meso-scale machine tool systems, they are used for high-precision machining of miniature part...
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