Graphic processing units (GPUs) are specialized for graphics but also work with conventional computer processing units (CPUs) to accelerate different applications. In normal operation, the CPU loads d...
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‘Exceptions’ are occurrences during the execution of a computer program that interrupt the normal program flow dictated by the instructions themselves. These include non-valid instructions, like d...
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External beam radiation therapy degrades the rapidly dividing cells of a tumor by directing high-energy radiation into the target of interest to eradicate it. The efficacy of the treatment is strongly...
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Elucidating the workings and development of the brain remains a fertile topic of investigation and one reliant on non-invasive visualization technology like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As appl...
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Despite the growth of educational software designed to lead students through material, robotic and virtual instruction have failed to simulate the perceptive, responsive tactics of successful human te...
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ERP implementations often present challenges for distributing information in a high-performance, cost-effective manner.
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Increased circuit density in integrated circuits has intensified the need for higher efficiency with regards to both power and energy for high-performance and low-power multicore processors. Dynamic v...
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The effective speed of computer processors may be increased by speculative execution in which computer instructions are executed before the data necessary for that execution are available. Speculation...
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Operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows or Linux, provide one or more file systems to store and organize data. A file system stores file data on a storage device and makes the data available to t...
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Multicore processors incorporate independent cores onto an integrated circuit, which allows for faster processing by distributing portions of the parallel processing task among the different cores. Th...
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Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive materials that “target” specific tissues to allow imaging or treatment. During radiation therapy, the radiopharmaceutical must be administered to provide a rad...
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In the interconnected world of computers, malicious programs such as viruses have become an omnipresent and dangerous threat.
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As computer programs execute, they pass through different phases of operation that require more or less hardware resources. If the available hardware resources are insufficient for the needs of a part...
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Most decimal dividers are for fixed-point (typically integer) decimal data. They cannot be directly applied to floating-point decimal dividers; require time-consuming and error-prone scaling when work...
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Most decimal adders add only two numbers at a time. Adding several numbers together takes a long time, because each addition requires carries to propagate.
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For integrated circuits, including very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits, to work properly, the signals traveling along the gates and interconnects must be properly timed. Using classical case ...
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Modern microprocessors integrate multiple cores onto a single chip.  Improving software performance on these multicore processors requires complex parallel programming models.  Parallelization signi...
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Although most people use decimal arithmetic when performing calculations, computer hardware usually only supports binary arithmetic. Numbers are typically input in decimal form, converted to binary fo...
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Large multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) systems are often controlled by model predictive control (MPC). One MPC strategy makes predictions of the system’s actions by using complete enumeration ...
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A computer operating system is connected to its hard drive(s) by an interface that controls recording and viewing of data to and from storage blocks on the drive. To increase efficiency, the operating...
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For integrated circuits such as very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits to work properly, signals traveling on them must arrive at their destination at the proper time. However, there are many sou...
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All digital devices, from computers to stopwatches, contain circuits composed of numerous electrical components.  Most circuits are designed to allow for some flexibility in signal timing because of ...
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Radiation therapists must carefully determine beam angles and radiation dose to accurately target tumors while avoiding healthy tissue.  Of special importance are nearby organs-at-risk, which often a...
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Quantum computing uses packets of information called quantum bits, or qubits, which can have a value of zero and one at the same time, allowing operations such as prime factorization to be performed m...
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To improve the speed of a computer program, computer systems run instructions from a program in parallel, but maintain the effect of running these instructions one after another. Systems with multiple...
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