Enzymes of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family are present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. As much as 10 percent of the cytosolic protein in some mammalian organs can consist of GSTs.
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Many of those currently on waiting lists for liver transplants are victims of liver failure associated with hepatocyte toxicity. This toxicity can be caused by alcohol abuse, or by prescription or non...
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Restriction enzymes are used widely to cleave double-stranded DNA. However, a given restriction enzyme can only cleave a DNA molecule at the specific nucleotide sequence that corresponds to the recogn...
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Quantitative analysis in chemistry is the determination of the absolute or relative abundance of substances present in a sample. For biological samples, quantitative analysis performed via mass spectr...
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Mengovirus is a picornavirus that causes encephalomyocarditis in humans and other animals.
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Bacterial production of recombinant proteins is used commonly by researchers and commercial entities to manufacture a large variety of proteins.
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Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a family of predominantly hepatic enzymes known to be important in the metabolism of many drugs, carcinogens and other chemicals of pharmacologic and toxicologic significance....
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Calcium-activated potassium channels are a type of ion channel that is important in many physiological processes.
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Effective isolation of nucleic acids from biological samples is an essential prerequisite for efficient downstream amplification, detection and quantification of specific genetic sequences via quantit...
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Molecule-molecule interactions, including interactions between proteins, nucleic acids and other small molecules, are important in a variety of cellular events. A number of physical, molecular biologi...
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Bacterial production of recombinant proteins is used commonly by researchers and commercial entities to manufacture a large variety of proteins. However, many proteins are not produced efficiently in ...
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Liquid crystal materials are promising candidates for many sensing and interfacial applications. Liquid crystals respond to and amplify small changes in temperature, electric or magnetic fields, shear...
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Mass spectrometry (MS) has become the principal tool for routine identification of proteins and their post-translational modifications (PTMs). Quantification of the amounts of proteins and PTMs is req...
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Now that complete sequence information is available for many organisms, researchers are focusing on the analysis of single genomic DNA molecules. A key issue in this analysis is how to unravel and mar...
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Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. SCDs may influence the development of diseases such as obesity, atherosclerosis and diabet...
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When using live vertebrate animals, principal investigators for any activity supported by a Public Health Service (PHS) agency, such as the FDA, NIH or CDC, must comply with the PHS policy on Humane C...
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Mass spectrometers are analytic instruments that precisely measure the mass of molecules, and therefore may be used to determine composition and molecule identity based on mass data. Generally, the mo...
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Studying how neurons and other cells work may require stimulating individual or small clusters of cells. The cells conventionally are stimulated through the use of fine electrodes inserted into or nea...
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UW–Madison researchers previously developed a method of using traceless Staudinger ligation to chemically synthesize proteins (see WARF reference number P00315US).  This method is based on the Stau...
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Studying how neurons and other cells work may require stimulating individual or small clusters of cells.  The cells conventionally are stimulated through the use of fine electrodes inserted into or n...
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A DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spots arranged on a solid surface via covalent attachment to a chemically suitable substrate. DNA microarrays allow hundreds of thousands of DNA seq...
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Several fluorescent reporter molecules, such as the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), are available as research tools to monitor gene activity and protein distribution within cells.  However, currentl...
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Botulinum neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum are the most potent toxins known. Because of the threat of bio-terrorism, sensitive methods for detecting botulinum neurotoxin are needed; howev...
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In addition to simple nucleotide polymorphisms, the human genome includes intermediate structural variations, such as amplifications, insertions, deletions, inversions and complex rearrangements. Whil...
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The yeast two-hybrid system is a powerful technique used to detect protein-protein interactions. The technique has been used to establish physical interactions between genetically identified proteins,...
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