External beam radiation therapy degrades the rapidly dividing cells of a tumor by directing high-energy radiation into the target of interest to eradicate it. The efficacy of the treatment is strongly...
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Elucidating the workings and development of the brain remains a fertile topic of investigation and one reliant on non-invasive visualization technology like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As appl...
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Despite the growth of educational software designed to lead students through material, robotic and virtual instruction have failed to simulate the perceptive, responsive tactics of successful human te...
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Rapid development of superconducting quantum electronics has motivated a search for quantum-limited amplifiers for the low-noise readout of qubits and linear cavity resonators. Conventional approaches...
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ERP implementations often present challenges for distributing information in a high-performance, cost-effective manner.
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Optimizing design plans involving systems and methods for radiation therapy has been a widely researched topic. A common goal is to deliver varying doses of radiation during treatment (higher doses to...
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Increased circuit density in integrated circuits has intensified the need for higher efficiency with regards to both power and energy for high-performance and low-power multicore processors. Dynamic v...
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One of the most obvious differences between professional and amateur level video is the quality of camera motion. Hand-held amateur video typically is shaky and undirected, while professionals use car...
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Image and video resizing involves adapting an image or video to displays with different sizes and aspect ratios, often resulting in warping or distortion. Video retargeting addresses the problem of ad...
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The effective speed of computer processors may be increased by speculative execution in which computer instructions are executed before the data necessary for that execution are available. Speculation...
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Mobile devices such as cell phones are used increasingly to connect to computer networks such as the Internet for Web browsing, email communication, voice-over-IP (VoIP) telephone and other Internet s...
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Operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows or Linux, provide one or more file systems to store and organize data. A file system stores file data on a storage device and makes the data available to t...
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Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is utilized in medical imaging as a quantitative measure of image quality. As SNR decreases, it becomes increasingly more difficult to differentiate between important anato...
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Time-frequency analysis involves detecting when oscillations of certain frequencies turn on and off. This kind of analysis is useful in nearly every field of science and engineering. The traditional a...
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Multicore processors incorporate independent cores onto an integrated circuit, which allows for faster processing by distributing portions of the parallel processing task among the different cores. Th...
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In applications such as military vehicles, ultrawide band antennas are needed to operate at very low frequencies. At such frequencies, the electromagnetic wavelength is very large. Consequently, any a...
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Suspension crystallization processes often result in crystals with a wide range of particle sizes.  Accurately controlling the distribution of shapes and sizes is a challenge in the pharmaceutical ma...
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Modern public information and transaction machines such as kiosks and automated teller machines (ATMs) frequently employ a touch screen in conjunction with a computer to provide multimedia capabilitie...
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Night vision systems utilize cameras that are sensitive to wavelengths such as infrared (IR) to produce image frames. The IR image frames may be displayed alone in sequence to provide a moving picture...
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Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) use signature-based detection of malicious software, or malware, to identify suspicious patterns in network traffic. Malware can be disguised by changing dat...
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Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive materials that “target” specific tissues to allow imaging or treatment. During radiation therapy, the radiopharmaceutical must be administered to provide a rad...
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Multicore processor technology allows a program to utilize resources efficiently by splitting into concurrently running tasks, or threads. Problems exist when these tasks access the same data. If one ...
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Packet classification is a critical factor affecting the quality of service and security on Internet protocol and other packet-based networks.  Packet classification involves matching incoming inform...
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Multi-threaded software provides multiple execution “threads” that act like independent (but cooperating) programs and can be assigned to different computer processors for parallel, and thus faste...
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In the interconnected world of computers, malicious programs such as viruses have become an omnipresent and dangerous threat.
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