Tunneling magneto-resistive (TMR) read heads are the next generation in magneto-resistive readers for hard drive disks. TMRs typically include a magnetic tunnel junction that is composed of an oxidize...
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Production of faster, more powerful microelectronics requires that device features continue to shrink in size. Current lithographic processes based on chemically amplified resists routinely pattern fe...
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PIN diodes are semiconductor devices that include an undoped intrinsic semiconductor region between the p-type and n-type regions. These diodes are commonly integrated as photodetectors on silicon CMO...
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Very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits are tested before use to evaluate reliability and performance. The two most common testing methods are serial-scan and random access scan (RAS). The se...
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Maskless lithography is cheaper and simpler than current methods of fabricating microfluidic channels, such as micro-molding, that require a final bonding step to attach a top cover to enclose the cha...
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The current art of nanoscale manufacturing uses self-assembling diblock copolymers to replicate a chemical pattern upwards. This method may be used to replicate a chemical pattern over a large area. H...
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The semiconductor industry fabricates integrated circuits (IC) through a series of plasma processes that involve etching lines and spots, as well as depositing thin films of materials and modifying su...
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Computer chips, composed of silicon (Si) semiconductors, store and transmit information as electrons.  The negative charge on electrons, however, hinders the speed with which information can be t...
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Thin-film transistors often use a single-crystal layer of silicon semiconductor attached to a flexible plastic substrate to allow flexibility in the electronics. However, transistors using some types ...
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Thermoelectric materials can turn heat into electrical power or remove heat by applying a voltage. They are used in many applications, ranging from a simple, electrically cooled ice chest, to high-tec...
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Conventional integrated circuits, such as complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits, allow large numbers of transistors to be combined into electronic gates. These gates control the flow...
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Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology is commonly used in integrated circuits for microelectronics. Current is produced in semiconductor devices by using mobile charge carriers, ei...
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