The three-dimensional structure of proteins can be studied in solution using various methods of covalent and noncovalent labeling in which the readout is accomplished by mass spectrometry (MS). These ...
Learn More

The therapeutic and biochemical properties of proteins including antibodies can be enhanced by custom chemical functionalization that enables modifications, such as small molecule drug conjugation, PE...
Learn More

Approximately 20 percent of human proteins – including many of high pharmaceutical relevance – are believed to contain disulfide bonds critical for proper structure and function. However, producin...
Learn More

Gram-negative bacterial infections are an ongoing challenge to health care providers worldwide. Detection, treatment and control of such pathogens have gained increasing importance in the context of a...
Learn More

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects over 1.2 million Americans each year, with approximately 50,000 new infections per year. Current treatment includes HIV combination regimens comprising rever...
Learn More

Influenza is responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide every year. Vaccines can be used to prevent influenza, but traditional methods for producing influenza vaccine are slow and cumbe...
Learn More

Fungi produce a variety of chemical compounds called secondary metabolites that possess useful pharmaceutical properties. These compounds are invaluable platforms for developing front-line drugs. They...
Learn More

The ability to modulate interactions between proteins is an attractive goal for both research and therapeutic applications. Developing modulating agents using traditional small-molecule approaches is ...
Learn More

Fungi produce a variety of chemical compounds called secondary metabolites. These compounds display a broad range of activities, including fighting off other fungi and bacteria. They also are useful f...
Learn More

Many pharmaceuticals and other biologically active molecules contain chemical sequences called triads that are challenging to prepare in the laboratory. Specifically, triads are three or more contiguo...
Learn More

Influenza viruses instigate annual global epidemics. The first influenza pandemic in 40 years occurred during the 2009-2010 season, when a novel H1N1 strain emerged and spread worldwide. The United St...
Learn More

Asymmetric synthesis is important in the pharmaceutical industry because frequently only one optically active isomer, or enantiomer, is therapeutically active. Therefore, it is often desirable to sele...
Learn More

Suspension crystallization processes often result in crystals with a wide range of particle sizes.  Accurately controlling the distribution of shapes and sizes is a challenge in the pharmaceutica...
Learn More

Many of the compounds used in drug discovery by pharmaceutical companies are glycosylated, bacterial secondary metabolites. A glycosylated metabolite consists of a central core structure (aglycon) and...
Learn More

Many of the compounds used in drug discovery by pharmaceutical companies are glycosylated bacterial secondary metabolites. A glycosylated metabolite consists of a central core structure (aglycon) and ...
Learn More

The growth assay is the simplest, most direct measurement of drug efficacy, and is the primary path for discovering antimicrobial drugs. However, most growth assays use relatively large volumes of liq...
Learn More

Influenza A virus possesses two surface spike proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on host cell surfaces.  NA cleaves terminal sialic ...
Learn More

Many current therapeutic drugs originated as glycosylated bacterial secondary metabolites that consist of a central core structure (aglycon) and various sugar (glycosyl) attachments. Nucleotidylyltran...
Learn More

Most biochemical interactions are studied in solutions containing dilute concentrations of molecules. However, the complexity of the cellular environment makes it difficult to compare the results of s...
Learn More

As the incidence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria continues to rise, the discovery of new antibacterial compounds has become increasingly critical to fighting infectious disease. According to t...
Learn More

Influenza is a major disease in humans that can be prevented by vaccination. Because new epidemic strains arise every year or two, the conventional influenza vaccine must be adapted almost every year,...
Learn More

Influenza viruses show strong potential as vaccine and gene delivery vectors: they do not replicate through DNA intermediates (which may incorporate into the host genome); they elicit strong immune re...
Learn More

Recombinant, infectious influenza viruses can be used as vaccine and gene therapy vectors; however, producing influenza virus particles is difficult because the influenza genome consists of negative-s...
Learn More

Secondary metabolites display a broad range of activities, including antibiotic, immunosuppressant, phytotoxic and mycotoxic activities, yet they are formed from a relatively small number of metabolic...
Learn More

Many of the compounds used in drug discovery by pharmaceutical companies are glycosylated, bacterial secondary metabolites. A glycosylated metabolite consists of a central core structure (aglycon) and...
Learn More