Neuropathic pain encompasses a wide range of painful conditions of diverse origins, including diabetic neuropathy, post herpatic neuralgia, post-surgical nerve injuries and many others. Currently ther...
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Oligomycin is a highly stable macrolide antibiotic isolated from the fungus Streptomyces diastochromogenes. It is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial ATPase and phosphoryl group transfer.
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Ebola, a negative strand RNA virus in the family Filoviridae, is among the most lethal human pathogens, causing death in 50 to 90 percent of cases. This virus is highly contagious in aerosol form and ...
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Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most common sexually transmitted pathogens. These small DNA viruses are associated with almost all cervical cancers and 20 to 30 percent of head and neck cancers....
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SHP-2 is an oncogene from the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) superfamily. Mutations in SHP-2 can cause multiple forms of leukemia and solid tumors, as well as the autosomal dominant disorders...
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Tautomycetin (TTN) is a complex polyketide natural product produced by Streptomyces griseochromogens. It specifically inhibits the protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, which are two of the four maj...
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Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process of rebuilding skin and tissue. Chronic or impaired wounds result when tissues fail to progress through the necessary stages of healing. This is a signifi...
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The hormonally active form of vitamin D, known as calcitriol or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, has shown promise for treating diseases ranging from osteoporosis to cancer to psoriasis. However, the hormone...
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The hormonally active form of vitamin D, known as calcitriol or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, has shown promise for treating diseases ranging from osteoporosis to cancer to psoriasis. However, the hormone...
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Aortic aneurysms are weakened or bulging areas in the aorta, the largest blood vessel in the body.  As many as 30,000 deaths may result from ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms each year, but no ...
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Almost 200,000 men in the United States develop prostate cancer each year. More than 60,000 people develop melanoma. Early diagnosis is key to survival because the best treatment and prognosis for the...
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Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium responsible for many infectious diseases, including toxic shock syndrome, food poisoning and topical skin infections. Although S. aureus is usually a...
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Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the most potent toxins known, are among the most dangerous potential bioterrorism threats.  They cause botulism, a severe disease that can cause paralysis in humans...
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Collagen, the most abundant protein in vertebrates, serves as the fundamental structural protein for vertebrate tissues. Collagen is a fibrous protein consisting of three polypeptide chains that fold ...
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Quorum sensing is a process used by some bacteria to coordinate behavior based on local population density. To communicate, bacteria release signaling molecules into the environment. When a certain nu...
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Pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract can induce inflammatory responses that negatively affect the ability of animals to efficiently digest food and absorb nutrients. Endotoxin, a characte...
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Avian influenza causes significant economic losses for poultry producers worldwide and can be transmitted to humans and other mammals. The surface glycoproteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (N...
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Influenza is a major disease in humans that can be prevented by vaccination. Because new epidemic strains arise every year or two, the conventional influenza vaccine must be adapted almost every year,...
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Influenza is caused by the eight-segmented influenza virus. Vaccines can be used to prevent influenza, but traditional methods for producing influenza vaccine are slow and cumbersome. To generate re...
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The H1N1 influenza virus, known as the “swine flu,” has been declared a pandemic.  While this virus is less virulent than many circulating strains of flu virus, it has become the subj...
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Influenza is a major disease in humans that can be prevented by vaccination. Because new epidemic strains arise every year or two, influenza vaccines must be adapted almost every year.  Live atte...
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Quorum sensing is a process used by some bacteria to coordinate behavior based on local population density. To communicate, bacteria release signaling molecules, including low molecular weight ligands...
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Vitamin D is a highly potent regulator of calcium homeostasis and plays an established role in cellular differentiation. A recently discovered class of vitamin D analogs, the 19-nor-vitamin D compound...
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Vitamin D is a highly potent regulator of calcium homeostasis and plays an established role in cellular differentiation. A recently discovered class of vitamin D analogs, the 19-nor-vitamin D compound...
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder in which an individual lacks the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) that converts the amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine.  If left untreated, t...
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