The present invention provides systems, devices, device components and structures for modulating the intensity and/or energies of electrons, including a beam of incident electrons. In some embodiments...
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A micromachined probe apparatus and methods for making and using same to characterize liquid in a fluidic channel and map embedded charge in a sample on a substrate are provided. The probe apparatus i...
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Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed toward utilizing pulsed laser light to melt and displace material along a surface. As may be consistent with one or more embodiments, material at...
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A device is provided for camouflaging an object from an infrared detection apparatus. The device includes a cloak positionable between the object and the infrared detection apparatus. The cloak includ...
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Photoreceptor scaffolds that can be used for transplantation of organized photoreceptor tissue, with or without retinal pigment epithelial cells, which may improve grafted cell survival, integration, ...
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Most present-day electronics are made with solid-state transistors constructed of semiconducting materials, such as silicon. This solid-state technology largely replaced the prior use of vacuum tubes ...
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“Rectennas” are antennas that can receive radio signals and rectify them to generate electrical power for wireless power transfer. Potential applications for rectennas range from large-sca...
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Nanotubes and nanowires are used extensively to tailor material properties. However, wide implementation of their extraordinary characteristics has been difficult due to their 1-D geometry and limited...
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Mechanical engineers commonly employ a software modeling tool called finite element analysis (FEA) to virtually simulate a design prior to physical prototyping.  In FEA, a three dimensional (3-D)...
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Biological microarrays are valuable tools that enable the parallel analysis of thousands of different analytes. However, one of the chief problems with existing protein microarrays is the nonspecific ...
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Photoreceptors are specialized cells that capture and convert light into signals that can be processed by the retina and visual centers of the brain. Supportive cells called the retinal pigment epithe...
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Atomically sharp micro-fabricated tips are used in atomic force microscopy (AFM) for scanning near-field microwave microscopy (SNMM) to create an image of the tiny topography on or under a surface. Th...
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Patch clamping is a well-known technique for investigating the movement of ions and molecules through cellular membranes via ion channels. To create an extremely high-resistance ‘gigaseal’ around ...
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Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic radiation penetrates cloth, paper and partially into the skin without the damaging effects of X-rays. Portable electronic devices capable of generating this radiation w...
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Pulsed laser polishing (PLP) helps smooth metal and other material. The technique employs lasers to irradiate a surface, melting small areas with each pulse. In these molten areas, rough surface protr...
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In ultrasonic welding, work pieces are clamped between a horn and anvil and then joined using high-frequency vibration energy. Friction and heat between the surfaces causes them to soften and meld tog...
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Approximately half of all diseases affect the function of ion channels in cell membranes. Testing the flow of ions and molecules through these membranes clearly is vital to drug discovery and research...
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Nano-carbon based hybrid materials possess extraordinary properties and show great promise for improved efficiency and sensitivity in a wide range of applications including capacitors, sensors, transp...
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Nanowires have many potential applications including use in microprocessors to greatly increase computing speed, in the creation of devices like nanorobots that could one day be used to treat cancer, ...
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Electromagnetic radiation may be generated by the acceleration or deceleration of charged particles such as electrons. Synchrotron radiation occurs when the trajectory of high-speed electrons is curve...
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Patch clamping is a well known method for measuring the flow of ions and molecules through ion channels imbedded in the cellular membrane.  The method employs micropipettes, or similar microscale...
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Diodes are two-terminal electrical devices that only allow electrical current to flow in one direction. Diodes are used often in electrical circuits to extract a direct current from an alternating cur...
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Processing techniques similar to those used to manufacture integrated circuits can also be used to make a variety of microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS), including...
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As electronic gadgets continue to get smaller, tiny metal silicide nanowires may one day be used as fundamental building blocks in devices from cell phones to lasers.  Metal silicides already are...
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Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) have been used to create mechanical resonators for switching, filtering and other purposes in electrical systems. NEMS/ME...
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